Journal of Materials Science Research and Reviews

Performance Evaluation of Modified Periwinkle Shell–derived Adsorbent for CO2 Post-combustion Capture

Lekia, Gospel Barieeba

Department of Industrial Chemistry and Petro-Chemical Technology, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Aimikhe, Victor Joseph *

Department of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

---

Abstract

Seashells and other waste shells are gaining attention as a cost—effective, sustainable, renewable alternative source of CaCO₃ for CO₂ adsorption. Consequently, this study evaluated the performance of periwinkle shell as a potential adsorbent for CO₂ capture. The periwinkle shells were washed, dried, then calcined at 800⁰C for 2 hrs, crushed, and sieved with 0.25 -1.44 mm sieves. Some portion of the calcined sample were activated with KOH in a 2:1 ratio i.e 240g of KOH to 120g of calcined periwinkle shell. A portion of the activated periwinkle shell was modified with deep eutectic solvent (DES) prepared with 15 ml of choline chloride and 30 ml of glycerol. 20 ml of the deep eutectic solvent was added to 10g of KOH-activated periwinkle shell and later dried in a furnace at 800^oC for 2 hrs to form a DES-modified activated periwinkle shell. Likewise, 60 ml of polyethylene glycol (PEG) was added to 30 g of another portion of the KOH-activated periwinkle shell to form the modified PEG-activated periwinkle shell sample. The result of the SEM and FTIR analysis of the samples showed that the DES and PEG modified samples had similar structure and functional groups. However, the unmodified calcined sample contained more functional groups than the modified samples. The results showed that the unmodified calcined periwinkle shells performed better than the KOH-activated and the DES and PEG-modified APS samples, with a CO₂ adsorption capacity of 0.16 and 0.42 mmol/g after 1 and 3 hours, respectively. The adsorption process of the CPS sample followed the Langmuir monolayer model of adsorption. The relatively low adsorption capacity of the developed adsorbents suggested that they were unsuitable for CO₂ capture. Recommendations for future studies were also highlighted.

Keywords: Periwinkle shells, bio-adsorbents, CO2 capture, deep eutectic solvent, post-combustion

---

---

---

References

Ghorani-Azam A, Riahi‐Zanjani B, Balali-Mood M. Effects of air pollution on human health and practical measures for prevention in Iran. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences: The Official Journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. 2016;21.

Spellman FR. Carbon Capture and Sequestration, in: Sci. Renew. Energy, Second Ed., CRC Press. 2016;503–522.

COP21 Paris Agreement, European Commission. Available:http://ec.europa.eu/clima/ policies/international/negotiations/ paris/index_en.htm (accessed 10/07/2020).

Khan SAR, Zhang Y, Sharif A, Golpîra H. Determinants of economic growth and environmental sustainability in South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation: evidence from panel ARDL, Environmental Science and Pollution Research; 2020. Available: https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11356-020-10410-1

Tcvetkov P, Cherepovitsyn A, Fedoseev S. Public perception of carbon capture and storage: A state-of-the-art overview, Heliyon. 2019;5:e02845.

United Nations Report on Global Issues of Population; 2022. Available:https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/population

International Energy Agency (IEA). World Energy Outlook; 2020. Available:https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/a72d8abf-de08-4385-8711-b8a062d6124a/WEO2020.pdf

Akash S, Savita V. Carbon Capture and Sequestration- A Review, IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci. Pap. 2017;83. DOI:10.1088/1755-1315/83/1/012024

Leung DYC, Caramanna G, Maroto-valer M. An overview of current status of carbon dioxide capture and storage technologies, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2014;39: 426–443. DOI:10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.093

Blomen E, Hendriks C, Neele F. Capture technologies: Improvements and Promising Developments. Energy Procedia. 2009;1:1505–1512. DOI:10.1016/j.egypro.2009.01.197

Osman AI, Hefny M, Maksoud MIA, Elgarahy AM, Rooney DW. Recent advances in carbon capture storage and utilisation technologies: a review. Environmental Chemistry Letters. 2021;19: 797–849. Available: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01133-3

Hamdy LB, Goel C, Rudd JA, Barronade AR and Andreoli E. The application of amine-based materials for carbon capture and utilization: an overarching view. Mater. Adv. 2021;2:5843. DOI: 10.1039/d1ma00360g

Iyer MV, Sparks A, Vonder-Haar T, Fan L.-S. High Temperature CO2 Capture using Waste Oyster Shells. (Bunri Gijutsu) Soc of Sep. Proc. Eng. Jpn. 2005;35(4):235-245.

Sacia RE, Ramkumar S, Phalak N, Fan L.-S. Synthesis and Regeneration of Sustainable CaO Sorbents from Chicken Eggshells for Enhanced Carbon Dioxide Capture. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2013;1:903−909.

Hart A. Mini-review of waste shell-derived materials’ applications. Waste Management & Research. 2020;38;(5):514 – 527

Aimikhe VJ, Lekia GB. An Overview of the Applications of Periwinkle (Tympanotonus fuscatus) Shells. Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology. 2021; 40(18):31-58

Zulkurnai NZ, Mohammad AUF, Ibrahim N, Abdul Manan, NS. Carbon Dioxide CO2 Adsorption by Activated Carbon Functionalized with Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES). IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2017;206(1). Available: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/206/1/012001

Tushar T, Hoon L, Jeong LH, Kyeong JY, Wook CJ. Deep Eutectic Solvent As Attractive Media for Co2 Captured. Journal of Green Chemistry; 2016. Available:Http://doi.org/10.1039/c59c02319j

Tang YW, Bian J, Hu Z, Liu H. Carbondioxide capture By Amine- Impregnated Mesocellular Foam Containing Template. Ind Eng Chemical Research. 2012;51:3653-3662.

Stadie NP. Appendix A. Experimental Adsorption Measurements; 2013.

Accessed on 13th July 2020 from https:// thesis. library.calte ch. edu/ 7198/ 77/ Stadie_ N_ 2013_ Appen dices. Pdf

Aimikhe VJ, Eyankware OE. Design, Fabrication, and Validation of a Flow Loop for CO2 Adsorption Studies. Petroleum and Coal. 2021;63(3):824 – 832.

Sun Y, Li K, Zhao J, Wang J, Tang N, Zhang D, … Jin Z. Nitrogen and sulfur Co-doped microporous activated carbon macro-spheres for CO2 capture. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 2018;526: 174–183. Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2018.04.101

Fatima SS, Borhan A, Ayoub M, Ghani NA. CO2 Adsorption Performance on Surface-Functionalized Activated Carbon Impregnated with Pyrrolidinium-Based Ionic Liquid. Processes 2022, 10, 2372. Available: https:// doi.org/10.3390/pr10112372

Akpasi SO, Isa YM. Effect of operating variables on CO2 adsorption capacity of activated carbon, kaolinite, and activated carbon – Kaolinite composite adsorbent. Water-Energy Nexus. 2022;5:21–28. Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wen.2022.08.001

Gu C, Liu Y, Wang W, Liu J, Hu J. Effects of functional groups for CO2 capture using metal organic frameworks. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng. Available: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-020-1961-6

Dong K, Zhai Z, Guo A. Effects of Pore Parameters and Functional Groups in Coal on CO2/CH4 Adsorption. ACS Omega. 2021;6 (48):32395-32407. DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02573.

Vonder-Haar TA. Engineering Eggshells for Carbon Dioxide Capture, Hydrogen Production, and as a Collagen Source. B. S. Dissertation, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; 2007.