Energy Efficient Hybrid Precoding for SWIPT in mmWave Massive MIMO NOMA Systems
Jacob Ogwu *
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, University of Uyo, Nigeria.
Kufre M. Udofia
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, University of Uyo, Nigeria.
Akaninyene B. Obot
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, University of Uyo, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
The integration of simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) into millimeter-wave (mmWave) massive MIMO–non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems is a promising paradigm for sustainable, high-capacity wireless networks. However, achieving high energy efficiency (EE) in these systems is challenging due to severe propagation losses and the constraints of hybrid precoding. This paper proposes a novel hybrid analog–digital transceiver framework that jointly optimizes power allocation and power-splitting factors. The key contributions include a dynamic cluster-head selection (DCHS) algorithm for forming interference-resilient user groups and a compressed sensing–based committee machine design (CS-COMADE) to enhance array gain and mitigate interference. To solve the non-convex EE maximization problem, we develop a low-complexity iterative resource allocation algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that our method achieves substantial gains, improving EE by up to 20% over conventional SWIPT-based MIMO–OMA and hybrid NOMA schemes. Notably, it attains near-optimal performance compared to fully digital zero-forcing precoding while reducing power consumption by over 60%. These findings confirm the framework’s viability as an energy-efficient solution for green 5G and 6G communication systems, effectively balancing high data rates with sustainable operation.
Keywords: Energy efficiency, SWIPT, hybrid precoding, mmWave, MIMO, NOMA, power optimization