Optimizing Coconut Fiber-Resin Ratios for Prosthetic Socket Fabrication: A Narrative Review
Chioma K. Anyiam *
Department of Prosthetics and Orthotics, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria.
Chibuikem Faith Alozie
Department of Prosthetics and Orthotics, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria.
Promise Nwanyinma Uzowuihe
School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Prosthetic socket fabrication is shifting toward the use of natural fiber-reinforced composites. Coconut fiber, a biodegradable and locally available agro-waste material, has shown promise when combined with resins like epoxy, polyester, and bio-resins to create strong and lightweight prosthetic sockets. This is particularly relevant in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where affordability and accessibility are critical challenges in prosthetic care. This narrative review evaluates current evidence on optimal coconut fiber-resin ratios for prosthetic socket fabrication and explores the mechanical properties, environmental benefits, and practical implications of using coconut fiber composites in resource-limited settings. Findings demonstrate that epoxy resin combined with 20–30% treated coconut fiber provides optimal strength, stiffness, and durability. While bio-resins offer biodegradability, they fall short in mechanical integrity. Coconut fiber-resin composites offer an affordable, sustainable, and biomechanically solution for prosthetic socket fabrication. Their application is particularly impactful in LMICs, supporting local manufacturing, skill development, and health equity.
Keywords: Coconut fiber, prosthetic socket, epoxy resin, composites, human-centered design